Impacts of fire and fire surrogate treatments on ecosystem nitrogen storage patterns: similarities and differences between forests of eastern and western North America

نویسندگان

  • R.E.J. Boerner
  • Jianjun Huang
  • Stephen C. Hart
چکیده

The Fire and Fire Surrogates (FFS) network is composed of 12 forest sites that span the continental United States, all of which historically had frequent low-severity fire. The goal of the FFS study was to assess the efficacy of three management treatments (prescribed fire, mechanical thinning, and their combination) in reducing wildfire hazard and increasing ecosystem sustainability. This paper describes the impact of the FFS treatments on nitrogen (N) storage and distribution. At the network scale, total ecosystem N averaged 4480 kg ha–1, with *9% in vegetation, *9% in forest floor, *2% in deadwood, and *80% in soil. The loss of vegetation N to fire averaged (±SE) 25 ± 11 kg ha–1, whereas the mechanical and combined mechanical and fire treatments resulted in N losses of 133 ± 21 and 145 ± 19 kg ha–1, respectively. Western coniferous forests lost more N from each treatment than did eastern forests. None of the manipulative FFS treatments impacted >10%–15% of total N of these ecosystems. Management strategies that maximize ecosystem carbon (C) gain by minimizing loss of N should be a focus in western forests, where C and N cycling are tightly linked, but perhaps not in those eastern forests where atmospheric N deposition has decoupled C and N cycles. Résumé : Le réseau national sur l’utilisation du feu et d’un substitut du feu comprend 12 stations forestières qui couvrent le continent américain. Toutes ces stations ont subi dans le passé de fréquents incendies de faible intensité. Le but du réseau était d’évaluer l’efficacité de trois traitements d’aménagement (brûlage dirigé, éclaircie mécanique et leur combinaison) pour réduire les risques d’incendie et augmenter la durabilité des écosystèmes. Cet article décrit l’impact des traitements appliqués dans le réseau sur la distribution et le stockage de N. À l’échelle du réseau, N total dans les écosystèmes atteignait en moyenne 4480 kg ha–1, dont *9 % se retrouvaient dans la végétation, *9 % dans la couverture morte, *2 % dans le bois mort et *80 % dans le sol. La perte de N dans la végétation causée par le feu atteignait en moyenne 25 ± 11 kg ha–1 tandis que l’éclaircie mécanique seule et l’éclaircie mécanique accompagnée du brûlage dirigé causaient des pertes respectives de 133 ± 21 et 145 ± 19 kg ha–1. Les forêts de conifères de l’ouest ont perdu plus de N que les forêts de l’est à la suite de chaque traitement. Aucun des traitements n’a eu d’impact sur plus de 10–15 % de la quantité totale de N dans ces écosystèmes. Les stratégies d’aménagement devraient avoir comme objectif de maximiser le gain en C des écosystèmes en minimisant la perte de N dans les forêts de l’ouest où le recyclage de C et le recyclage de N sont étroitement reliés mais peut-être pas dans les forêts de l’est où les dépôts atmosphériques de N ont découplé les cycles de

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تاریخ انتشار 2008